System of temperature control.



PATENTED MAY 12, 1908.

. H. G. GEISSINGER.

SYSTEM OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, 1907.

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HARRY G. GEISSINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

sYsTEM OF TEMPERATURE coNTnoL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 12, 1908.

Application filed July 3, 1907. Serial No.- 382,100.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY G. GEIssINGER, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented. certain new and useful Improvements in Systems ofTemperature Control, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to means for regulating the temperature in a roomor a series of rooms or apartments through the agency of electric heatcontrolling devices, and its object is to provide a system of controlwhich permits the regulation in each room or apartment to be madeindependently of that in the other rooms, although all the rooms may bein series and operated from the same circuit.

My improved system consists in the installation in each room orapartment of one or more electric thermostats, and, if more than onethermostat-is employed, the same are adjusted to different workingtemperatures and arranged to work independently of each other. In mydrawing I show two such thermostats, presumedly set at suitable day andnight temperatures. I have also shown my system diagrammatically, forthe sake of clearness of illustration, inasmuch. as the devices employedare well known in the art to which this invention appertains. 1

Figure 1 is adiagrammatic view of the arrangement of the wiring andapparatus in each room of a series all operated from the same currentmains and heated by electric heaters. Fig. 2 is a diagram of theterminal connections in the last room of the series, beyond theapparatus for that room, and lllustrates how the operating currentcompletes the circuit with the return main. Fig. 3 is a longitudinalsection of a valve and an elevation of the operating mechanism used inconnection with my system when the same is to be applied to steam or hotwater heat regulation.

. Figs. 1 and 2 show my improved system of heat regulation applied tothe control of electric heaters in state-rooms onboard ship, and theinstallation, in this instance, includes certain features peculiar tothe special needs of thecase, as, for example, means for cutting ofi thehigh temperature thermostat automatically when the state-room door isleft open.

Fig. 1 further shows means whereby the use of the heater in each roommay be cut of? entirely from a central point like the engine room. Itshows also that, while each room of the series may be regulatedindependently, all the rooms of the series, preferably ten, use the sameregulating circuit.

Temperature control systems employed heretofore, whether they usecompressed .air or electricity, have presumed that the occupant of theroom so regulated would adjust the controlling device to suit hisindividual tastes, day and night. Inasmuch as the majority of suchinstallations are, and have been, made in hotels and other buildingsoccupied transiently, they are subject to persistent manipulation of thetemperature regulating device, and this must, necessarily, result indamage to the instrument and unexpected derangements of the heat su ply.Therefore, while my system contemp ates the installation of adjustablethermostats in each room or apartment,l prefer to have this adjustmentunder certain restrictions, as, for instance, a key kept in the engineroom, or some other oflicial control. I also prefer to have two or morethermostats each set at a different temperature. Two thermostatswillfill practically every want of the occupant of the room withoutnecessitating that he should rectify the experiments of the lastoccupant and discover what degree of temperature on the dial of theinstrument corresponds to the desired temperature.

In the drawings, 1,1 are the current mains, 2 is a branch circuitleading from the posi tive main 1, and 3 is a wire leading 'from 2 to 4and 5, two associated thermostats presumedly'set at high (day) and low,(night) temperature.

6 and 7 are 4 and 5, respectively; 7 I

8 represents the door of the state-room and 9 is a switch opening thehigh temperature circuit when the door is aj a1, thus preventing wasteof heat and current.

10 is a wire leading from the contact 6 to the switch 9.. i

11 is a selective switch adapted to make contact with either of thepoints 12, 13 or 14, and 15 is a wire completing the circuit between thedoor switch 9 and the switch 11 through the point 12.

16 is a wire connecting the low temperathe contacts of the thermostats Icurrent or other source of heat flowing to the ance, in order that themagnetizing force be low heat, or no heat, and this is intended toergized by the passage of current in the cir- Jighted, serves toindicate clearly and ate disa, course, that the drawings show thewindings In the first room of the series, the regulatture thermostat 5to the contact point 13. Thus, as clearly shown, it is possible, byoperating the switch 11 over the points 12, 13 and'l4, respectively, toturn on high heat,

be the extent of the control in the hands of the room occupant.

From the switch 1.1, a wire 17 leads to another switch or armature 18adapted to be attracted by an electromagnet 19 into contact with a point20 when the said magnet is encult 21. Current is passed through the wire21 by closing the switch 22 located, prefer-. ably, in the engine ordynamo room, and this current goes through a-lamp 23 which, when tancethat the heating current or source of heat is, or may be, used.

24 is an automatic device or combined switch and electromagnet whichcontrols the heater 26. In the case of Fig.1, this source of heat is thecurrent flowing from the positive main 1 through the wire 25 to theheater 26, thence, through the wire 27, the contacts 28 and wire 29 backto the negative main 1, thus completing the circuit.

The electric regulator 24 is provided with two sets of windings 30 and31 upon the core of the same. These windings are differential, or inmagnetic op osition, and, when current flows through bot ,no magneticflux is generated and the armature or core 32-and its terminal 33 falland close-the heater circuit, as clearly shown. It will be understood,of

30 and 31 of the regulator 24 diagrammatically' and that the same,actually, are not in juxtaposition as shown, but, necessarily, onewithin the other. a The neutralizing windings are inside the directwindings and of smaller sized wire, and, therefore, of greaterresistequal.

mg current passes from the positive main 1, along the wire 2, throughthe direct or lift windings 30of the regulator 24, thence throughthewire34 to the point of junction of the wires 2 and 3 in .the'next'room, and'so on through all the rooms, until. after passingthrough the regulator 24 of the last room, the regulating current passesalong the wire 35 back to the negative main 1, thus completing thecircuit. In each room there is also a derived or shuntcircuit 36 which.connects the contact point 20 to the neutralizing windings 31 and thusconnects the regulating circuit 34 to the branch circuit 3 attached tothe common base of the thermostats.

Assuming now that the switch 22 in the engine room is turned on, sendmgthe current through the wire 21, the magnet 19 is energized and thearmature 18 is attracted so i the path of the regulating current is asfollows: From the positive main 1 it flows along the wires 2 and 3through the higher temperature thermostat 4, assuming, ofcourse, thatthe latter is in the circuit,-thence through the 15, through the switch11, the wire 17 and the armature 18, along the wire 36, and finallythrough the windings 31, which, as previously explained, neutralize themagnetizing force of the windings 30, and cause the core or armature 32to drop and close the heater-circuit. After passing through the windings31 the regulating current flows along the wire or conduit 34 into thenext room, and so on. In the meantime, the heater 26 is supplied withcurrent directly from the positive main 1. p

The operation is exactly the same, when the low temperature thermostatis in circuit, except that the current passes from the wire 3 throughthe thermostat 5 and the contact 7, along the wire 16 and through theswitch 11, the latter having, of course, been previously moved intocontact with the point 13.

When the circuit is closed byeither thermostat and the switches andother devices are in operative position, the windings of the regulator24 are, of course, in parallel and, therefore, present less resistancethan a direct coil alone, and the apparatus is easily desi ned so thatthe'maximum rise in the regulating circuit may be as low as ten percent. Therefore, assuming that a lamp as at 39 is required anywherealong the circuit and must burn day and ni ht, it is possible tointroduce the same in t e regulating circuit making the cost ofregulation practically nothing as the current would flow through thelampanyway. If the lamp is of half the line voltage the fluctuation ofthe current will be limited to five per cent. and the number of rooms inthe series may, of course, be reduced to half the usual number which, asstated hereinbefore, is preferably ten.

If a steam or ho,t water heater is substituted for the electric heater.of Fig. 1, the

contact 6, the wire 10, the switch 9, the wire valve shown in Fig. 3 isattached to the au- 'tomatic regulator 24, and its armature or core37at-tached' to the "alve disk 38 performs the function of the valvestem. ()therwise, the arrangement of wires, thermo-' stats, "switchesand other devices is exactly the same as in Fig. 1, and the valve isclosed by the liftingaction of the direct windings 30 when the sourceof'heat is to be cutoff by the thermostats or by opening the switch 22in the engine room.

' It will be observed that, to all intents and purposes, theelectromotive .force across the thermostat contacts is equal tothatacross the lifting or direct windings of the regulator 24, usuallyand preferably 11 volts, which, of

course, is a practicable voltage. Furtherranged on the circuit of anelectric motor both windings and connect said heater with a more, thedirect windings 30 are provided I with an inductiye resistance inparallel to I take up the kick on the break of the circuit. Thisarrangement of neutralizing winding on the regulator 24 and in thethermostat cir= cuit and as a shunt to the directregulating current,therefore, of a low potential, makes electro-thermostatic control fromhigh pressure mains practical and durable.

While I have shown the regulator 24 arrangegg so as to directly closethe circuit of an electric heater or operate the valve of a steamer hotwater heater, I do not wish to be limited to this arrangement, as thereare a number of ways other than these to employ said device. Forinstance, it may be ar- Which, in turn, may be arranged to operatedampers or valves of furnaces, or valves of heaters or other apparatus,or the regulator and double thermostat may be employed to regulate thetemperature of electrically heated tools, instead of rooms or aartments, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a temperature control system, the combination with a heater, of anelectric regulator having differential windings, one winding beingincluded in a normallyclosed circuit, and the other being included in anormally open shunt, said shunt having automatic means for closing thesame, to energize source of heat.

2. In a temperature control system, in combination, a heater, a sourceof heat supply therefor, an electric regulator having opposed windings,one of said windings, when energized, operating to cut off the source ofheat supply, and thermostatic means inthe circuit of the other windingfor automatically closing the same to energize both windings and connectthe supply to. the heater.

3. In a temperature control system, in combination, a heater, aregulating circuit, an electric regulator having one set of windings insaid circuit and another set of windings in a shunt circuit controllablefrom a central point, a temperature controlling device in said shuntcircuit adapted to open or close the same, whereby said regulatorisoperated to supply heat to said heater when said shunt circuit isclosed.

. 4. In a temperature control system, in combination, a heater, a sourceof heat supply therefor, a regulating circuit, an electric regulatorhaving one set of windings in said circuit and another set-of windingsin a divided shunt circuit, a thermostat in each branch of said shunt,said thermostats being adjusted to close their respective branches atdifi'erent temperatures and-means to place the shunt under the controlof any desired 1 thermostat, whereby said regulator is operated tosupply heat to said heater when the co1'1trolling thermostatcloses saidshunt.

5. A system of temperature control comprising a series of regulatorselectrically operated" by the same regulating current,'the latter beingobtained directly from the usual mains, and heaters supplied separatelyfrom an independent source of heat but controlled by the saidregulators.

6. A system of temperature control comprising a series of regulatorsprovided each with a direct liftwinding in a regulating circuit and aneutralizing winding in shunt thereof, a heater under the control ofeach 39 regulator and supplied from an independent source of heat, and atemperature controlling device in each shunt circuit operating eachheater through the agency of its associated regulator.

7. A system of temperature'control comprising a series of heatersadapted to be directly connected to the same source of heat, automaticregulators provided with direct lifting and neutralizing windings inmagnet on izing opposition, said lifting, windings being in a regulatingcircuit obtained directly from the usual current mains, and saidneutralizing Windingsbeing each in separate shunt circuits'controlled bya thermostatic device, 5 the simultaneous passage of current in bothsaid windings releasing the armature of said automatic regulators andthereby operating upon the source of heat.

8. A system of temperatuficontrol comprising a series of heaters adaptedto be connected to a common source-=of heat, automatic regulatorsprovided with direct and neutralizing windings, said direct windingsbeing in a regulating circuit common to all 5 the regulators and saidneutralizing windings being each in a separate shunt circuit, andthermostats in said shunt'circuits adapted to close the same whensubjected to apredev termined temperature thereby operating upon thesource of heat.

' 9. A system of temperature control comprising a plurality of heatersadapted to be connected to a common source of heat,-a plurality ofautomatic regulators for said heaters, each provided with direct andneutralizing windings, said direct windings being in a regulatingcircuit common to all the regulators and said neutralizing windingsbeing each in a separate shunt circuit, a plurality 12;) of differentlyadjusted thermostats arranged in parallel in each shunt and adapted toclose the same when subjected to a predetermined temperature, and meansfor placingsaid shunts and neutralizing windings under the control ofany desired thermostat to cause the corresponding regulator to connectits associated heater to the source of heat.

10. A system of temperature control comprising a plurality of heatersadapted to be connected to a common source of heat, a plurality ofautomatic regulators for said heaters, each provided with direct andneutralizing windings, said directwindings being in a regulating circuitcommon to all the regulators andcontrollable from a central point, andsaid neutralizing windings being each in a separate shunt circuit, aplurality of differently adjusted thermostats arranged in parallel ineach-shunt and adapted to close the same when subjected to apredetermined temperature, and means for placing said shunts andneutralizing windings under the control of any desired thermostat tocause the corresponding regulator to connect its associated heater tothe source of heat.

11. In a temperature control system, a heater adapted to bedirectlyconnected to a source of heat but normally cut oil by an automaticelectric regulator, said regulator being provided with direct liftwindings and neutralizmg windings, said direct lift windings being in aregulating circuit which is operatively connected with said source ofheat and acts on the armature of said regulator to cut off the heat asstated, and means -ss7,oss

attached to said armature for turning on the heat when current is passedthrough said neutralizing windings.

12. In a system of temperature control, a heater adapted to be directlyconnected to a source of heat but normally cut oil by an automaticelectric regulator, said regulator being provided with lifting windingsin a regulating circuit which is operatively connected with said sourceof heat, neutralizing windings on said regulator in a shunt circuit, anda thermostat in said shunt circuit and adapted to close the same whensubjected to t HARRY G. GEISSINGER.

Witnesses:

EDITH J. FULLER, L. HERMANN.

